This review of warfare focuses on south central Africa, from what is Angola (west central Africa) today to Mozambique (south-east Africa). This area is what the Portuguese referred to as a the Pink Map during the Scramble for Africa although I do a small diversion to Ethiopia. The review is not complete but I figured I should publish it as is and refine over time. This is the period before the Scramble for Africa, the early period of the Portuguese explorers – the period some historians call Medieval Africa.
Medieval Africa
Patterns of warfare were different in Africa. Roland Oliver and Anthony Atmore (2001) claim the term “Medieval Africa” covers the period 1250-1800. So starting later and ending later than in Europe.