This covers Macedonians, Seleucids, Ptolomaics etc. The core of my army is Later Seleucid and the photos reflect this. All figures painted by Ian Galley unless otherwise noted.
Macedonian Pike Phalanx
The core of any Macedonian army were the phalangites in the pike hhalanx. Most Macedonian shields were covered in bronze but elite troops often had silver shields. White shields also appeared. According to Head (1982):
- Argyraspides = Silver shields
- Chalkaspides = Bronze shields
- Leukaspides = White shields
Ian has the helmets either silver or bronze. However I believe that historically Macedonian helmets were painted bright colours.
We know of a few shield designs from the Macedonian Wars. Some styles may have been favoured by certain kingdoms or, more likely, with our limited evidence we know that some kingdoms used them but that doesn’t rule out the possibility that others did as well. I believe you can pick what you want. Historically the shields of the phalangites were unpainted with the pattern embossed, but that is tricky so mine have shield transfers.
Silver Shields (Argyraspides)
Ian gave all his pikemen a “Seleucid” style pattern from VVV. He gave all the silver shields a red pattern.

Bronze Shields (Chalkaspides)
Ian gave the bronze shields the same “Seleucid” shield pattern from VVV but in this case Ian varied the colours.

White Shields (Leukaspides)
I followed Ian’s lead with my white shields (Leukaspides): shield pattern from VVV (Antigonid Shield Design) and various colours as they are not an elite unit. Some of my white shields have trousers indicating the men had an eastern origin, making them “Of all sorts” (Pantodapoi). That is just an accident of my purchasing history and shouldn’t be taken as indicating historical precedent. I got them from ebay so the painter is unknown. I repainted the shields and pikes, then applied the shield decals.

Other heavy infantry
Thurophoroi
The thurophoroi were mercenaries. There is a good case the white shields (Leukaspides) were actually the thurophoroi and similar. So I repainted the shields white.

Argyraspides in Roman style
After a couple of wallopings by the Romans the Seleucids rearmed half their silver shields in the Roman style. Ian has interpreted this as meaning they adopted Roman colours. So both the silver shield and purple tunic have turned red. I am unconvinced about this. Pilum and long shield, sure, that is being Roman armed but I see no reason why they would have abandoned their tradition colour schemes.

Macedonian Cavalry
Agema
The Seleucid Agema were equipped like the earlier Companions and Xystophoroi but had a partially armoured horse.


Cataphracts
After fighting the Parthians in the east the Seleucids adopted heavy armour for most of their cavalry. Bronze scale for the man and iron mail for the horse.


Asian Troops
Just like the earlier Persian empire, the eastern successor states used Asian troops, particularly for the lights.




Other Troops
Scythed Chariots

Camels

References
Head, D. (1982). Armies of the Macedonian and Punic wars 359 BC to 146 BC. Wargames Research Group.