List of Taifa Kingdoms 1009-1571

This is a list of most of the Taifa Kingdoms (Collins, 1983; Fletcher, 1992; Menéndez, 1934; Kennedy, 1996; Wikipedia: Taifa). I can’t guarantee if it is complete. I’ve taken the Arabic names for the Tailfas from the excellent, but seemingly defunct, Al-Andalus site.

First period (11th century)

From Wikipedia: Taifa

Albarracín: 1011–1104 (to Almoravids)
Algeciras: 1035–1058 (to Seville)
Almería: 1011–1091 (to Almoravids)
Alpuente: 1009–1106 (to Almoravids)
Arcos: 1011–1068 (to Seville)
Badajoz: 1009–1094 (to Almoravids)
Carmona: 1013–1091 (to Almoravids)
Ceuta: 1061–1084 (to Almoravids)
Córdoba: 1031–1091 (to Seville)
Denia: 1010/1012–1076 (to Zaragoza)
Granada: 1013–1090 (to Almoravids)
Jérica: 11th century (to Toledo)
Lisbon: 1022–? (to Badajoz)
Lorca: 1051–1091 (to Almoravids)
Málaga: 1026–1057/1058 (to Granada); 1073–1090 (to Almoravids)
Majorca: 1018–1203(to Almohads)
Mértola: 1033–1091 (to Almoravids)
Molina: ?–1100 (to Aragon)
Morón: 1013–1066 (to Seville)
Murcia: 1011/1012–1065 (to Valencia)
Murviedro and Sagunto: 1086–1092 (to Almoravids)
Niebla: 1023/1024–1091 (to Seville)
Ronda: 1039/1040–1065 (to Seville)
Rueda: 1118–30 (to Aragon)
Saltés and Huelva: 1012/1013–1051/1053 (to Seville)
Santa María de Algarve: 1018–1051 (to Seville)
Segorbe: 1065–1075 (to Almoravids)
Seville: 1023–1091 (to Almoravids)
Silves: 1040–1063 (to Seville)
Toledo: 1010/1031–1085 (to Castile)
Tortosa: 1039–1060 (to Zaragoza); 1081/1082–1092 (to Denia)
Valencia: 1010/1011–1094 (to El Cid, nominally vassal of Castile)
Zaragoza: 1018–1046 (to Banu Tujib; then to Banu Hud); 1046–1110 (to Almoravids; in 1118 to
Aragon)

Second period (12th century)

From Wikipedia: Taifa

Almería: 1145–1147 (briefly to Castile and then to Almohads)
Arcos: 1143 (to Almohads)
Badajoz: 1145–1150 (to Almohads)
Beja and Évora: 1114–1150 (to Almohads)
Carmona: dates and destiny uncertain or unknown
Constantina and Hornachuelos: dates and destiny uncertain or unknown
Granada: 1145 (to Almohads?)
Guadix and Baza: 1145–1151 (to Murcia)
Jaén: 1145–1159 (Murcia); 1168 (to Almohads)
Jerez: 1145 (to Almohads)
Málaga: 1145–1153 (to Almohads)
Mértola: 1144–1145 (to Badajoz)
Murcia: 1145 (to Valencia); 1147–1172 (to Almohads)
Niebla: 1145–1150? (to Almohads)
Purchena: dates and destiny uncertain or unknown
Ronda: 1145 (to Almoravids)
Santarém: ?–1147 (to Portugal)
Segura: 1147–? (destiny unknown)
Silves: 1144–1155 (to Almohads)
Tavira: dates and destiny uncertain or unknown
Tejada: 1145–1150 (to Almohads)
Valencia: 1145–1172 (to Almohads)

Third period (13th century)

From Wikipedia: Taifa

Arjona: 1232–1244 (to Castile)
Baeza: 1224–1226 (to Castile)
Denia: 1224–1227 (to Almohads?)
Lorca: 1240–1265 (to Castile)
Menorca: 1228–1287 (to Aragon)
Murcia: 1228–1266 (to Castile)
Niebla: 1234–1262 (to Castile)
Orihuela: 1239/1240–1249/1250 (to Murcia or Castile)
Valencia: 1228/1229–1238 (to Aragon)

Additionally, but not usually considered taifas, are:

Granada: 1237-1492 (to Castile)
Las Alpujarras: 1568–1571 (to Spain)

Albarracin (Sahla Banu Razin)

The modern name of Albarracin is based on the name of the original rulers. Also called Santa Maria de Oriente.

Rulers

• Banu Razín (1012-1104). Andalusian Berbers of the Hawwara tribe.
  • Hudayl ibn Jalaf ibn Razin Izz al-Dawla (1012-1044)
  • Abd al-Malik Husam al-Dawla (1044-1103)
  • Yahya Husam al-Dawla (1103-1104)
• Conquered by Murabitun (1104)

Algeciras (Al Djazira al hadr)

Rulers

• Banu Hammud (1013-1055). Berberised Banu Hammudi princes – descendents of the Prophet (Menéndez, 1934; Kennedy, 1996).
  • Al-Qasim ibn Hammud (1013-??). Also ruled Tangier while his brother Ali ruled Ceuta.
  • ??
  • Muhammad ibn Hammud al-Mahsi (1022-1048)
  • Al-Watiq (1048-1055)
• Annexed by Seville (1055)

Almeria (Al-Mariyya)

The kingdom was important due to its strategic location, its harbour, and a developed a very important textile industry, with around five thousand looms, being also a centre for the silk industry (Wikipedia: Taifa of Almeria).

Flag was green with a white stripe in the middle (Wikipedia: Taifa of Almeria).

Rulers

• Banu al-Amiri. A Slav dynasty.
  • Khayran al-Amiri (1013-1028) – a Slav from the court at Cordoba
  • Zuhayr al-Amiri (1028-1038) – a Slav from the court at Cordoba
• Annexed by Abd al-Aziz of Valencia (1038-1041)
• Annexed by Banu Tujibi of Zaragoza (1041-1091), who used the Banu Somadih to rule:
  • Man ibn Muhammad ibn Somadih (1041-1051)
  • Al-Mutasim (1051-1091)
  • Muizz al-Dawla (1091)
• Conquered by Murabitun (1091)

Alpuente (Al-Sahla)

Modern name is Alpuente.

Rulers

• Arab Banu Qasim (1008-1092)
  • Abd allah ibn Qasim Nizam al-Dawla (1008-1030)
  • Yumn al-Dawla (1030-1042)
  • Adud al-Dawla ó ‘izz al-Dawla (1042-1043)
  • Muhammad (1043-1049)
  • Yanah al-Dawla ó Nizam al-Dawla (1049-1092)
• Conquered by Murabitun

Arcos de la Frontera

Rulers

• Banu Khizrun (1011-1069). Zanata Berbers.
  • Muhammad ibn Khizrun imad al-Dawla (1011-1029)
  • Abdun (1029-1053)
  • Al-Gaim (1053-1069)
• Annexed by Seville (1069)

Badajos (Batalyaws)

Rulers

• Sabur al-Saqlabi (Sabur the Slav) (1012-1022). The Slav civil governor who continued to wield power when the central government collapsed.
• Banu Aftas (1022-1094). Andalusian Berbers
  • Abd Allah ibn Muhammad ibn Maslama ibn al-Aftas al-Mansur (1022-1027; 1034-1045)
  • Emirate of Sevilla control: 1027-1034
  • Muhammad ibn Abd Allah Al-Muzaffar (1045-1068)
  • Al-Mansur (1068-1072)
  • Umar ibn Muhammad Al-Mutawakkil (1072-1094)
• Conquered by Murabitun (1094)

Calatrava

Arab

(Fletcher, 1992)

Carmona (Karmuna)

Rulers

• Banu Birzal (1013-1067). Berbers of the Zanata tribe.
  • Abd Allah ibn Ishaaq al-Birzali (1013-1023)
  • Muhammad ibn abd Allah ibn Birzal (1023-1042)
  • Ishaq (1042-1052)
  • Al-Mustazhir (1052-1067)
• Annexed by Seville (1067)

Ceuta (Sabta)

Berber

Ruled by the Berberised Banu Hammudi princes – descendents of the Prophet (Menéndez, 1934)

Rulers

• Ali ibn Hammud (1013-??)

Córdoba (Qurtuba)

Córdoba was a the seat the last vestige of the Umayyad Caliphate before being replaced in 1031 by a republican government under leadership of Andalusian Arab Banu Jahwar.

Rulers of Republican state

• Banu Jahwar (1031-1070)
  • Abu hazm Jahwar ibn Muhammad ibn Jahwar (1031-1043)
  • Muhammad ibn Jahwar al-Rashid (1043-1063)
  • Abd al-Malik ibn Muhammad al-Mansur (1063-1070)
• Annexed by Seville (

Denia (Daniyya)

A Slav kingdom that included Denia on the mainland and the Balearic Islands.

Rulers:

• Mujahid al-Amiri al-Muwaffaq (1014-1044). A slave who rose to military power under Al-Mansur.
• Iqbal al-Dawla (1044-1076). The son of Mujahid al-Amiri.
• Annexed by Zaragoza (1076-1082)

Granada (Gharnata)

Rulers

• Banu Ziri (1014-1090). Berbers of the Sanhaja tribal confederation.
  • Zawi ibn Ziri (1014-1019). Returned to Africa in 1019.
  • Habbus ibn Maksan ibn Ziri al-Muzaffar (1019-1038). Nephew of Zawi.
  • Badis ibn Habbus (1038-1077)
  • Abd Allah ibn Buluggin ibn Badis (1077-1090)
• Conquered by Murabitun
• Banu Nasrid (1354-1491)
  • Muhammad V (1354-1359, 1362-1391)
  • Yusuf II ibn Muhammad (1391-1392)
  • Muhammad VII ibn Yusuf ibn Muhammad (1392-1408)
  • Yusuf III ibn Yusuf ibn Muhammad (1408-1417)
  • Muhammad VIII ibn Yusuf ibn Yusuf ibn Muhammad (1417-1419, 1427-1429)
  • Muhammad IX Uthman ibn Nasr ibn Muhammad (1419-1427; 1430-1431)
  • Yusuf (1431-1432, 1432-1445, 1447-1457). Not a Nasrid.
  • Muhammad X (1445-1447)
  • Muhammad XI ibn Muhammad ibn Yusuf ibn Yusuf ibn Muhammad (1448-1454)
  • Saad ibn Ali ibn Yusuf ibn Muhammad (1454-1462, 1462-1464)
  • Abu al-Hassan Ali ibn Saad (1464-1485)
  • Muhammad XII ‘Boabdil’ ibn Abu al-Hassan (1482-1491)
  • Muhammad XIII al-Zagalibn Saad (1485-??). Uncle and rivil emir of Muhammad XII.

Heulva (Walba)

Banu Bahris.

Rulers

• Izz al-Dalwa (1012-1051). Yahsub Andalusian Arabs.
• Annexed by Seville (1051)

Jaen (Djayyan)

Annexed by Seville in 1074 (Fletcher, 1992).

Lerida

Arab

Banu Hud (Menéndez, 1934).

Málaga (Malaka)

Berber.

Ruled by the Berberised Banu Hammudi princes – descendents of the Prophet. Initially included Málaga, Tánger, Ceuta and Ronda, and Algeciras. Algeciras became independent sometime in the reign of Mohamed I.

Rulers ??

• Yahya bin Ali (c.1014-1027)
• Idris I (1027-1039). Brother of Yahya.
• Idris II (1039-1055). Nephew of Idris I.
• Mohamed I (1046-1053) in Málaga only. Son of Idris I.
• Mohamed II (1055 to 1057). Brother of Mohamed I and 4th son of Idris I.
• Annexed by Granada.

Mallorca

Includes all the Balearic Islands.

Rulers

• Annexed by Denia (1014-1044)
• ??
• Independent Amirs (1076-1114)
  • Abd allah al-Murtada (1076-1093)
  • Mubashir ibn Sulayman (1093-1114)
• Conquered by Catalans (1114-1115)
• Conquered by Murabitun

Mértola

Berber Annexed by Seville in 1044 (Fletcher, 1992).

Morón (Mawrur)

Rulers

• Banu Dammar (1013-1066). Zanata Berbers
  • Abu Tuzir al-Dammar (??-1013)
  • Nuh ibn abí Tuzirí al-Dammar (1013-1041)
  • Izz al-Dawla (1041-1053)
  • Imad al-Dawla (1053-1066)
• Annexed by Seville (1066)

Murcia (Mursiyya)

Slav then Andalusian Arab.

Rulers

• Part of Slav Almeria (1012-1038)
• Banu Tahir (1038-1063). Andalusian Arab family.
  • Abu Bakr ibn Tahir (1038-1063)
  • Abu abd al-Rahman al-Tahir (1063-1078
• Annexed by Seville (1078-1091)
  • Ibn Ammar (1078-1081)
  • Ibn Rasiq (1081-1091)
• Conquered by Murabitun (1091)

Niebla (Labla)

Andalusian Arab Rulers

• Ahmad al-Yahsubí al-Dawla (1023-1041)
• Izz al-Dawla (1041-1051)
• Nsir al-Dawla (1051-1053)
• Annexed by Seville (1053)

Ronda (Runda)

Rulers

• Banu Ifran (1014-1066). Zanata Berbers.
  • Abu Mur (1014 or 1016)
  • ??
  • Hilal ibn abí Qura al-Ifran (1039-1053)
  • Badís (1053-1057)
  • Fatuh (1057-1066). Died fighting the Sevillians.
• Annexed by Seville (1066)

Saltes

Annexed by Seville in 1051.

Santa Maria de Algarve

Andalusian Arab.

Rulers

• Said Ibn Harun (1016-1041).
• Al-muta’sim (1041-1057). His son.
• Annexed by Seville.

Seville (Ishbiliya)

Rulers

• Triumvirate including Muhammad ibn Ismail ibn Abbad (??-1023)
• Banu Abbad (1023-1091). Andalusian Arab.
  • Muhammad ibn Ismail ibn Abbad (1023-1042)
  • Al-Mutadid, Abbad ibn Muhammad (1042-1069).
  • Al-Mutamid, Muhammad ibn Abbad (1069-1091).
• Conquered by Murabitun

Silves (Cheilb)

Andalusian Arab Banu Mozzain. Rulers

• El Hayíbisa ibn Muhammad (??-1040)
• Amid al-Dawla (1040-1048)
• Ísa ibn Muzayn al-Muzaffar (1048-1053)
• Al-Nasir (1053-1058)
• Al-Muzaffar (1058-1063)
• Annexed by Seville (1063)

Toledo (Tulaytula)

Banu Dhi-I-Nun, Andalusian Berbers of the Hawwara tribe.

Rulers

• Yaish ibn Muhamma ibn Yaish al-Qadi (1009-1018).
• Banu Dhi-I-Nun (1018-1085)
  • Ismail ibn Dhi-I-Nun (1018-1044)
  • Yahya ibn Ismail al-Mamun (1044-1075).
  • Yahya ibn Hisham ibn Yahya al-Qadir (1075-1080, 1081-1085)
• Conquered by Alfonso VI of Castile (1085)

Tortosa (Turtusha)

Slav

Rulers

• Muqatil (??)
• Labib I ó Nabil al-Amiri (??)
• Muyahid of Denia (??)
• Muqatil (1041-1053)
• Yala (1053-1057)
• Labib II Nabil (1057-1060)
• Annexed by Zaragoza (1060-1082)

Tudela (Tutila)

Arab

Banu (Menéndez, 1934).

Valencia (Balansiyya)

Rulers

• Slav period
  • Al-Mubarak (1010-1018). Local bureaucrat.
  • Al-Muzzafar (1018-1022). Another local bureaucrat
• Abd al-Aziz ibn Sanchuelo ibn al-Mansur (1021-1061) Grandson of Al-Mansur.
• Abd al-Malik (1061-1065)
• Annexed by Al-Mamun of Toledo (1065-1075)
• Abu Bakr ibn abd al-Aziz 1075-1085
• Utman ibn abi Bakr 1085-1086
• Al-Qadir (1086-1092). Ex-emir of Toledo.
• The qadí ibn Yahhaf (1092-1094)
• El Cid (1094-1102)
• Conquered by Murabitun (1102-1145)
• The qadi Marwan ibn Abd al-Aziz (1145)
• Ibn Iyad (1145-1146)
• Sayf al-Dawla ibn Hud al-Mustansir (1146)
• Muhammad ibn Sad ibn Mardanish (1146-1172)
• Conquered by Almohades

Zaragoza (Sarakusta)

Rulers

• Banu Tujibi (1018-1039). Local bosses who kept control.
  • Al-Mundhir I ibn Yahya al-Tujibi (1018-1021)
  • Yahya ibn al-Mundhir (1021-1029)
  • Al-Mundhir II ibn Yahya ibn al-Mundhir (1029-1039)
  • Adb Allah ibn al-Hakam al-Tjibi (1039)
• Banu Hud (1039-1110). A rival local family took over.
  • Al-Mustain I, Sulayman ibn Hud al-Judhami (1039-1049)
  • Ahmad ibn Sulayman al-Muqtadir (1049-1082). Son of Sulayman.
  • Yusuf ibn Ahmad al-Mutamin (1082-1085). Son of Al-Muqtadir.
  • Al-Mustain II, Ahmad ibn Yusuf (1085-1110)
• Conquered by Murabitun (1110-1118).
• Conquered by Aragonese (1118).

References

Collins, R. (1983). Early Medieval Spain: Unity in Diversity, 400-1000 [2nd ed.]. NY: St. Martin’s Press.

Fletcher, R. (1992). Moorish Spain. New York: Henry Holt.

Kennedy, H. (1996). Muslim Spain and Portugal: A political history of al-Andalus. London: Longman.

Menéndez Pidal, R. (1934). The Cid and his Spain [H. Sutherland Trans.]. Frank Cass.

Wikipedia: Taifa

Wikipedia: Taifa of Almeria